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A topological sort is a permutation p of the vertices of a graph such that an edge {i,j} implies that i appears before j in p (Skiena 1990, p. 208). Only acyclic digraphs can ...

In statistics, a trial is a single performance of well-defined experiment (Papoulis 1984, p. 25), such as the flipping of a coin, the generation of a random number, the ...

The function defined by U(n)=(n!)^(n!). The values for n=0, 1, ..., are 1, 1, 4, 46656, 1333735776850284124449081472843776, ... (OEIS A046882).

A quantity which takes on the value zero is said to vanish identically, or sometimes simply to vanish. The term "vanish identically" is preferred when emphasis is needed that ...

A t-(v,k,lambda) block design (abbreviated t-design) is an incidence structure of points and blocks such that the following hold: 1. There are v points, 2. Each block ...

A 2-dimensional discrete percolation model is said to be mixed if both graph vertices and graph edges may be "blocked" from allowing fluid flow (i.e., closed in the sense of ...

The Euler numbers, also called the secant numbers or zig numbers, are defined for |x|<pi/2 by sechx-1=-(E_1^*x^2)/(2!)+(E_2^*x^4)/(4!)-(E_3^*x^6)/(6!)+... (1) ...

The Hurwitz zeta function zeta(s,a) is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function zeta(s) that is also known as the generalized zeta function. It is classically defined by ...

Percolation theory deals with fluid flow (or any other similar process) in random media. If the medium is a set of regular lattice points, then there are two main types of ...

The asymptotic series for the gamma function is given by (1) (OEIS A001163 and A001164). The coefficient a_n of z^(-n) can given explicitly by ...