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A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space (S,S,P) into a measurable space (S^',S^') known as the state space (Doob 1996). Papoulis (1984, p. 88) ...

The term "real line" has a number of different meanings in mathematics. Most commonly, "real line" is used to mean real axis, i.e., a line with a fixed scale so that every ...

A real normed algebra, also called a composition algebra, is a multiplication * on R^n that respects the length of vectors, i.e., |x*y|=|x|*|y| for x,y in R^n. The only real ...

Pick two real numbers x and y at random in (0,1) with a uniform distribution. What is the probability P_(even) that [x/y], where [r] denotes the nearest integer function, is ...

There are at least two sequences attributed to B. Recamán. One is the sequence a_n formed by taking a_1=1 and letting a_n={a_(n-1)-n if a_(n-1)-n>0 and is new; a_(n-1)+n ...

Let a sequence be defined by A_(-1) = s (1) A_0 = 3 (2) A_1 = r (3) A_n = rA_(n-1)-sA_(n-2)+A_(n-3). (4) Also define the associated polynomial f(x)=x^3-rx^2+sx+1, (5) and let ...

A Redheffer matrix is a square (0,1)-matrix with elements a_(ij) equal to 1 if j=1 or i|j (i divides j), and 0 otherwise. For n=1, 2, ..., the first few Redheffer matrices ...

The quotient space K^__1A=K_1A/{0,[-1]} of the Whitehead group K_1A is known as the reduced Whitehead group. Here, the element [-1] in K_1A denotes the order-2 element ...

A crossing in a knot diagram for which there exists a circle in the projection plane meeting the diagram transversely at that crossing, but not meeting the diagram at any ...

A method of proof which proceeds by stating a proposition and then showing that it results in a contradiction, thus demonstrating the proposition to be false. In the words of ...