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The envelope of the plane lx+my+nz=c, (1) where c is the speed of propagation of a wave in the direction (l,m,n) (i.e., l, m, and n are the direction cosines) is known as the ...

A prime p for which 1/p has a maximal period decimal expansion of p-1 digits. Full reptend primes are sometimes also called long primes (Conway and Guy 1996, pp. 157-163 and ...

A gamma distribution is a general type of statistical distribution that is related to the beta distribution and arises naturally in processes for which the waiting times ...

The Gauss-Bonnet formula has several formulations. The simplest one expresses the total Gaussian curvature of an embedded triangle in terms of the total geodesic curvature of ...

A generalized continued fraction is an expression of the form b_0+(a_1)/(b_1+(a_2)/(b_2+(a_3)/(b_3+...))), (1) where the partial numerators a_1,a_2,... and partial ...

There are two different definitions of generalized Fermat numbers, one of which is more general than the other. Ribenboim (1996, pp. 89 and 359-360) defines a generalized ...

A genetic algorithm is a class of adaptive stochastic optimization algorithms involving search and optimization. Genetic algorithms were first used by Holland (1975). The ...

A geodesic is a locally length-minimizing curve. Equivalently, it is a path that a particle which is not accelerating would follow. In the plane, the geodesics are straight ...

The first Göllnitz-Gordon identity states that the number of partitions of n in which the minimal difference between parts is at least 2, and at least 4 between even parts, ...

The dimension e(G), also called the Euclidean dimension (e.g., Buckley and Harary 1988) of a graph, is the smallest dimension n of Euclidean n-space in which G can be ...