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A subvariety of an algebraic variety that is not the entire variety. The proper subvarieties of a line are its nonempty finite subsets, the proper subvarieties of a plane are ...

A topology on a set X whose open sets are the unions of open balls B(X_0,r)={x in x|g(x_0,x)<r}, where g is a pseudometric on X, x_0 is any point of X, and r>0. There is a ...

A power series containing fractional exponents (Davenport et al. 1993, p. 91) and logarithms, where the logarithms may be multiply nested, e.g., lnlnx.

A pullback is a general categorical operation appearing in a number of mathematical contexts, sometimes going under a different name. If T:V->W is a linear transformation ...

A complex number z is said to be purely imaginary if it has no real part, i.e., R[z]=0. The term is often used in preference to the simpler "imaginary" in situations where z ...

The regular decagon is constructible 10-sided regular polygon with Schläfli symbol {10}. The inradius r, circumradius R, and area can be computed directly from the formulas ...

The regulator of a number field K is a positive number associated with K. The regulator of an imaginary quadratic field is 1 and that of a real quadratic, imaginary cubic, or ...

In general, a remainder is a quantity "left over" after performing a particular algorithm. The term is most commonly used to refer to the number left over when two integers ...

sum_(k=0)^dr_k^B(d-k)!x^k=sum_(k=0)^d(-1)^kr_k^(B^_)(d-k)!x^k(x+1)^(d-k).

A function f(x_1,...,x_n) of one or more variables whose range is one-dimensional, as compared to a vector function, whose range is three-dimensional (or, in general, ...