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The system of partial differential equations U_t = [V,W] (1) V_t = [W,U] (2) W_t = [U,V], (3) where [A,B] denotes the commutator.

The unit of information obtained by using the natural logarithm lnx instead of the base-2 logarithm log_2x=lgx when defining entropy and related information theoretic ...

The natural parametric equations of a curve are parametric equations that represent the curve in terms of a coordinate-independent parameter, generally arc length s, instead ...

The term negative likelihood ratio is also used (especially in medicine) to test nonnested complementary hypotheses as follows, NLR = ([false negative rate])/([true negative ...

A negative semidefinite matrix is a Hermitian matrix all of whose eigenvalues are nonpositive. A matrix m may be tested to determine if it is negative semidefinite in the ...

A base for a neighborhood system of a point x is a collection N of open sets such that x belongs to every member of N, and any open set containing x also contains a member of ...

The vector field N_f(z)=-(f(z))/(f^'(z)) arising in the definition of the Newtonian graph of a complex univariate polynomial f (Smale 1985, Shub et al. 1988, Kozen and ...

The geometry of the Lie group consisting of real matrices of the form [1 x y; 0 1 z; 0 0 1], i.e., the Heisenberg group.

A generalization of Student's t-distribution known as the noncentral Student's t-distribution is given by (1) where Gamma(z) is the gamma function and _1F_1(a;b;z) is a ...

The plane spanned by the normal vector N and the binormal vector B.