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A nonpositive matrix is a real or integer matrix (a)_(ij) for which each matrix element is a nonpositive number, i.e., a_(ij)<=0 for all i, j. Nonpositive matrices are ...

The polynomial giving the number of colorings with m colors of a structure defined by a permutation group.

A quantity x>0, which may be written with an explicit plus sign for emphasis, +x.

A positive matrix is a real or integer matrix (a)_(ij) for which each matrix element is a positive number, i.e., a_(ij)>0 for all i, j. Positive matrices are therefore a ...

Let P=a_1x+a_2x^2+... be an almost unit in the integral domain of formal power series (with a_1!=0) and define P^k=sum_(n=k)^inftya_n^((k))x^n (1) for k=+/-1, +/-2, .... If ...

For p(z)=a_nz^n+a_(n-1)z^(n-1)+...+a_0, (1) polynomial of degree n>=1, the Schur transform is defined by the (n-1)-degree polynomial Tp(z) = a^__0p(z)-a_np^*(z) (2) = ...

A root having multiplicity n=1 is called a simple root. For example, f(z)=(z-1)(z-2) has a simple root at z_0=1, but g=(z-1)^2 has a root of multiplicity 2 at z_0=1, which is ...

The number of real roots of an algebraic equation with real coefficients whose real roots are simple over an interval, the endpoints of which are not roots, is equal to the ...

Let (K,|·|) be a non-Archimedean field. Its valuation ring R is defined to be R={x in K:|x|<=1}. The valuation ring has maximal ideal M={x in K:|x|<1}, and the field R/M is ...

A diagram lemma which states that, given the commutative diagram of additive Abelian groups with exact rows, the following holds: 1. If f_0 is surjective, and f_1 and f_3 are ...