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Various handshaking problems are in circulation, the most common one being the following. In a room of n people, how many different handshakes are possible? The answer is (n; ...

A univariate function f(x) is said to be odd provided that f(-x)=-f(x). Geometrically, such functions are symmetric about the origin. Examples of odd functions include x, ...

Replacing the logistic equation (dx)/(dt)=rx(1-x) (1) with the quadratic recurrence equation x_(n+1)=rx_n(1-x_n), (2) where r (sometimes also denoted mu) is a positive ...

Simply stated, floating-point arithmetic is arithmetic performed on floating-point representations by any number of automated devices. Traditionally, this definition is ...

A vector bundle is special class of fiber bundle in which the fiber is a vector space V. Technically, a little more is required; namely, if f:E->B is a bundle with fiber R^n, ...

A group or other algebraic object is said to be Abelian (sometimes written in lower case, i.e., "abelian") if the law of commutativity always holds. The term is named after ...

Let M(X) denote the group of all invertible maps X->X and let G be any group. A homomorphism theta:G->M(X) is called an action of G on X. Therefore, theta satisfies 1. For ...

Let A denote an R-algebra, so that A is a vector space over R and A×A->A (1) (x,y)|->x·y. (2) Then A is said to be alternative if, for all x,y in A, (x·y)·y=x·(y·y) (3) ...

A procedure for finding the quadratic factors for the complex conjugate roots of a polynomial P(x) with real coefficients. (1) Now write the original polynomial as ...

An extension of the secant method of root finding to higher dimensions.