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In each of the ten cases with zero or unit mass, the finite part of the scalar 3-loop tetrahedral vacuum Feynman diagram reduces to four-letter "words" that represent ...

The notion of weak amenability was first introduced by Bade et al. (1987), who termed a commutative Banach algebra A "weakly amenable" if every continuous derivation from A ...

One of the numbers 1, 2, 3, ... (OEIS A000027), also called the counting numbers or natural numbers. 0 is sometimes included in the list of "whole" numbers (Bourbaki 1968, ...

An additive group is a group where the operation is called addition and is denoted +. In an additive group, the identity element is called zero, and the inverse of the ...

A moment mu_n of a univariate probability density function P(x) taken about the mean mu=mu_1^', mu_n = <(x-<x>)^n> (1) = int(x-mu)^nP(x)dx, (2) where <X> denotes the ...

The complementary subspace problem asks, in general, which closed subspaces of a Banach space are complemented (Johnson and Lindenstrauss 2001). Phillips (1940) proved that ...

Let C^*(u) denote the number of nowhere-zero u-flows on a connected graph G with vertex count n, edge count m, and connected component count c. This quantity is called the ...

A free idempotent monoid is a monoid that satisfies the identity x^2=x and is generated by a set of elements. If the generating set of such a monoid is finite, then so is the ...

The Hankel transform (of order zero) is an integral transform equivalent to a two-dimensional Fourier transform with a radially symmetric integral kernel and also called the ...

The plane figure formed by a sequence of circles C_1, C_2, C_3, ... that are all tangent to each other at the same point and such that the sequence of radii converges to ...