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A unit in a ring is an element u such that there exists u^(-1) where u·u^(-1)=1.

A ringoid is a set R with two binary operators, conventionally denoted addition (+) and multiplication (×), where × distributes over + left and right: a(b+c)=ab+ac and ...

The logical axiom R(x,y)=!(!(x v y) v !(x v !y))=x, where !x denotes NOT and x v y denotes OR, that, when taken together with associativity and commutativity, is equivalent ...

For the Helmholtz differential equation to be separable in a coordinate system, the scale factors h_i in the Laplacian del ...

A pseudocylindrical map projection which distorts shape, area, scale, and distance to create attractive average projection properties.

An estimation technique which is insensitive to small departures from the idealized assumptions which have been used to optimize the algorithm. Classes of such techniques ...

dN^^+kappa_idr=0, where N^^ is the unit normal vector and kappa_i is one of the two principal curvatures.

The nonlinear three-dimensional map X^. = -(Y+Z) (1) Y^. = X+aY (2) Z^. = b+XZ-cZ (3) whose strange attractor is show above for a=0.2, b=0.2, and c=8.0.

|_n]={n for n!=0; 1 for n=0. (1)

The m×n rook complement graph K_m square K_n^_ is the graph complement of the m×n rook graph. It has vertex count mn and edge count 2(m; 2)(n; 2), where (n; k) is a binomial ...