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Let E be a Euclidean space, (beta,alpha) be the dot product, and denote the reflection in the hyperplane P_alpha={beta in E|(beta,alpha)=0} by ...

Consider a collection of diagonal matrices H_1,...,H_k, which span a subspace h. Then the ith eigenvalue, i.e., the ith entry along the diagonal, is a linear functional on h, ...

The third prime number, which is also the second Fermat prime, the third Sophie Germain prime, and Fibonacci number F_4. It is an Eisenstein prime, but not a Gaussian prime, ...

The smallest composite squarefree number (2·3), and the third triangular number (3(3+1)/2). It is the also smallest perfect number, since 6=1+2+3. The number 6 arises in ...

A group generated by the elements P_i for i=1, ..., n subject to (P_iP_j)^(M_(ij))=1, where M_(ij) are the elements of a Coxeter matrix. Coxeter used the notation [3^(p,q,r)] ...

Abstractly, a spatial configuration F is said to possess rotational symmetry if F remains invariant under the group C=C(F). Here, C(F) denotes the group of rotations of F and ...

A requirement necessary for a given statement or theorem to hold. Also called a condition.

Let y_n be a complex number for 1<=n<=N and let y_n=0 if n<1 or n>N. Then (Montgomery 2001).

A Cartan matrix is a square integer matrix who elements (A_(ij)) satisfy the following conditions. 1. A_(ij) is an integer, one of {-3,-2,-1,0,2}. 2. A_(ii)=2 the diagonal ...

A short mnemonic for remembering the first seven decimal digits of pi is "How I wish I could calculate pi" (C. Heckman, pers. comm., Feb. 3, 2005). Eight digits are given by ...