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Long multiplication is the method of multiplication that is commonly taught to elementary school students throughout the world. It can be used on two numbers of arbitrarily ...

A generalization of the polyominoes using a collection of equal-sized equilateral triangles (instead of squares) arranged with coincident sides. Polyiamonds are sometimes ...

A polyomino tiling is a tiling of the plane by specified types of polyominoes. Tiling by polyominoes has been investigated since at least the late 1950s, particularly by S. ...

"The" square graphs is the cycle graph C_4. It is isomorphic to the complete bipartite graph K_(2,2). Like all cycle graphs, the line graph of C_4 is isomorphic to itself. A ...

Kontsevich's integral is a far-reaching generalization of the Gauss integral for the linking number, and provides a tool to construct the universal Vassiliev invariant of a ...

A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

The arithmetic-geometric spectral radius rho_(AG) of a graph is defined as the largest eigenvalue of its arithmetic-geometric matrix.

A ring is called left (respectively right) Artinian if it does not contain an infinite descending chain of left (resp. right) ideals. In this case the ring in question is ...

Let n be an integer variable which tends to infinity and let x be a continuous variable tending to some limit. Also, let phi(n) or phi(x) be a positive function and f(n) or ...

The numbers three and four appear prominently in the game of baseball. There are three strikes for an out, three outs per half-inning (i.e., teams switch after three outs, ...