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A projection which maps a sphere (or spheroid) onto a plane. Map projections are generally classified into groups according to common properties (cylindrical vs. conical, ...

Universal algebra studies common properties of all algebraic structures, including groups, rings, fields, lattices, etc. A universal algebra is a pair A=(A,(f_i^A)_(i in I)), ...

The volume of a solid body is the amount of "space" it occupies. Volume has units of length cubed (i.e., cm^3, m^3, in^3, etc.) For example, the volume of a box (cuboid) of ...

There are several definitions of the strength of a graph. Harary and Palmer (1959) and Harary and Palmer (1973, p. 66) define the strength of a tree as the maximum number of ...

The endodocehedron, also called the concave pyrohedral dodecahedron, is the concave solid corresponding to the interior void formed when each face of a regular dodecahedron ...

The total graph T(G) of a graph G has a vertex for each edge and vertex of G and an edge in T(G) for every edge-edge, vertex-edge, and vertex-vertex adjacency in G ...

The contraction of a pair of vertices v_i and v_j of a graph, also called vertex identification, is the operation that produces a graph in which the two nodes v_1 and v_2 are ...

The lower matching number of a graph is the minimum size of a maximal independent edge set. The (upper) matching number may be similarly defined as the largest size of an ...

The maximal matching-generating polynomial M_G(x) for the graph G may be defined as the polynomial M_G(x)=sum_(k=nu_L(G))^(nu(G))m_kx^k, where nu_L(G) is the lower matching ...

The polyhedron compound of the small rhombicuboctahedron and its dual, the deltoidal icositetrahedron. The compound can be constructed from a small rhombicuboctahedron of ...