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There are several q-analogs of the cosine function. The two natural definitions of the q-cosine defined by Koekoek and Swarttouw (1998) are given by cos_q(z) = ...

There are several q-analogs of the sine function. The two natural definitions of the q-sine defined by Koekoek and Swarttouw (1998) are given by sin_q(z) = ...

Let a spherical triangle be drawn on the surface of a sphere of radius R, centered at a point O=(0,0,0), with vertices A, B, and C. The vectors from the center of the sphere ...

The proof theories of propositional calculus and first-order logic are often referred to as classical logic. Intuitionistic propositional logic can be described as classical ...

The inverse hyperbolic cosine cosh^(-1)z (Beyer 1987, p. 181; Zwillinger 1995, p. 481), sometimes called the area hyperbolic cosine (Harris and Stocker 1998, p. 264) is the ...

Let z be defined as a function of w in terms of a parameter alpha by z=w+alphaphi(z). (1) Then Lagrange's inversion theorem, also called a Lagrange expansion, states that any ...

The word quadrature has (at least) three incompatible meanings. Integration by quadrature either means solving an integral analytically (i.e., symbolically in terms of known ...

The difference between the measured or inferred value of a quantity x_0 and its actual value x, given by Deltax=x_0-x (sometimes with the absolute value taken) is called the ...

Inference of the truth of an unknown result obtained by noting its similarity to a result already known to be true. In the hands of a skilled mathematician, analogy can be a ...

An azimuthal projection which is neither equal-area nor conformal. Let phi_1 and lambda_0 be the latitude and longitude of the center of the projection, then the ...