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The set containing no elements, commonly denoted emptyset or emptyset, the former of which is used in this work. These correspond to Wolfram Language and TeX characters ...

A mathematical structure first introduced by Kolyvagin (1990) and defined as follows. Let T be a finite-dimensional p-adic representation of the Galois group of a number ...

For a particular format in the IEEE 754-2008 framework, a normal number is a finite nonzero floating-point number with magnitude greater than or equal to a minimum value ...

A functional is a real-valued function on a vector space V, usually of functions. For example, the energy functional on the unit disk D assigns a number to any differentiable ...

A method for finding a matrix inverse. To apply Gauss-Jordan elimination, operate on a matrix [A I]=[a_(11) ... a_(1n) 1 0 ... 0; a_(21) ... a_(2n) 0 1 ... 0; | ... | | | ... ...

This is sometimes knows as the "bars and stars" method. Suppose a recipe called for 5 pinches of spice, out of 9 spices. Each possibility is an arrangement of 5 spices ...

For the hyperbolic partial differential equation u_(xy) = F(x,y,u,p,q) (1) p = u_x (2) q = u_y (3) on a domain Omega, Goursat's problem asks to find a solution u(x,y) of (3) ...

Half-angle formulas and formulas expressing trigonometric functions of an angle x/2 in terms of functions of an angle x. For real x, sin(1/2x) = ...

An elliptic function can be characterized by its real and imaginary half-periods omega_1 and omega_2 (Whittaker and Watson 1990, p. 428), sometimes also denoted ...

An apodization function chosen to minimize the height of the highest sidelobe (Hamming and Tukey 1949, Blackman and Tukey 1959). The Hamming function is given by ...