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Let M be a bounded set in the plane, i.e., M is contained entirely within a rectangle. The outer Jordan measure of M is the greatest lower bound of the areas of the coverings ...

If mu is a real measure (i.e., a measure that takes on real values), then one can decompose it according to where it is positive and negative. The positive variation is ...

Jordan's lemma shows the value of the integral I=int_(-infty)^inftyf(x)e^(iax)dx (1) along the infinite upper semicircle and with a>0 is 0 for "nice" functions which satisfy ...

The German mathematician Kronecker proved that all the Galois extensions of the rationals Q with Abelian Galois groups are subfields of cyclotomic fields Q(mu_n), where mu_n ...

A real-valued univariate function f=f(x) has a jump discontinuity at a point x_0 in its domain provided that lim_(x->x_0-)f(x)=L_1<infty (1) and lim_(x->x_0+)f(x)=L_2<infty ...

Jung's theorem states that the generalized diameter D of a compact set X in R^n satisfies D>=Rsqrt((2(n+1))/n), where R is the circumradius of X (Danzer et al. 1963). This ...

For positive integer n, the K-function is defined by K(n) = 1^12^23^3...(n-1)^(n-1) (1) = H(n-1), (2) where the numbers H(n)=K(n+1) are called hyperfactorials by Sloane and ...

An algorithm for partitioning (or clustering) N data points into K disjoint subsets S_j containing N_j data points so as to minimize the sum-of-squares criterion ...

The expected number of real zeros E_n of a random polynomial of degree n if the coefficients are independent and distributed normally is given by E_n = ...

The so-called generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Burgers equation is the partial differential equation ...