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A line is a straight one-dimensional figure having no thickness and extending infinitely in both directions. A line is sometimes called a straight line or, more archaically, ...

A spider graph, spider tree, or simply "spider," is a tree with one vertex of degree at least 3 and all others with degree at most 2. The numbers of spiders on n=1, 2, ... ...

The term "square" can be used to mean either a square number ("x^2 is the square of x") or a geometric figure consisting of a convex quadrilateral with sides of equal length ...

The stability index Z^_(G) of a graph G is defined by Z^_=sum_(k=0)^(|_n/2_|)|c_(2k)|, where c_k is the kth coefficient of the characteristic polynomial and |_n_| denotes the ...

A cubic symmetric graph is a symmetric cubic (i.e., regular of order 3). Such graphs were first studied by Foster (1932). They have since been the subject of much interest ...

Let f be a fractional coloring of a graph G. Then the sum of values of f is called its weight, and the minimum possible weight of a fractional coloring is called the ...

The term "integral" can refer to a number of different concepts in mathematics. The most common meaning is the the fundamenetal object of calculus corresponding to summing ...

The Kirchhoff index Kf, also simply called the resistance and denoted R (Lukovits et al. 1999), of a connected graph G on n nodes is defined by ...

A modulo multiplication group is a finite group M_m of residue classes prime to m under multiplication mod m. M_m is Abelian of group order phi(m), where phi(m) is the ...

Let G be an undirected graph, and let i denote the cardinal number of the set of externally active edges of a spanning tree T of G, j denote the cardinal number of the set of ...