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pi may be computed using a number of iterative algorithms. The best known such algorithms are the Archimedes algorithm, which was derived by Pfaff in 1800, and the ...

Let A be the area of a simply closed lattice polygon. Let B denote the number of lattice points on the polygon edges and I the number of points in the interior of the ...

A planar hypotraceable graph is a hypotraceable graph that is also planar. A number of planar hypotraceable graphs are illustrated above. Using a theorem of Thomassen (1974), ...

A planar straight line embedding of a planar graph is a planar embedding in which only straight line segments are used to connect the graph vertices. Fáry (1948) showed that ...

A plane curve is a curve that lies in a single plane. A plane curve may be closed or open. Curves which are interesting for some reason and whose properties have therefore ...

Plouffe's constants are numbers arising in summations of series related to r_n=f(2^n) where f is a trigonometric function. Define the Iverson bracket function rho(x)={1 for ...

The Poincaré hyperbolic disk is a two-dimensional space having hyperbolic geometry defined as the disk {x in R^2:|x|<1}, with hyperbolic metric ...

P is the point on the line AB such that PA^_/PB^_=1. It can also be thought of as the point of intersection of two parallel lines. In 1639, Desargues (1864) became the first ...

Poker is a card game played with a normal deck of 52 cards. Sometimes, additional cards called "jokers" are also used. In straight or draw poker, each player is normally ...

The polar coordinates r (the radial coordinate) and theta (the angular coordinate, often called the polar angle) are defined in terms of Cartesian coordinates by x = ...