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If there exists a rational integer x such that, when n, p, and q are positive integers, x^n=q (mod p), then q is the n-adic residue of p, i.e., q is an n-adic residue of p ...

A closed planar quadrilateral with opposite sides of equal lengths a and b, and with four right angles. A square is a degenerate rectangle with a=b. The area of the rectangle ...

The rectangle function Pi(x) is a function that is 0 outside the interval [-1/2,1/2] and unity inside it. It is also called the gate function, pulse function, or window ...

To define a recurring digital invariant of order k, compute the sum of the kth powers of the digits of a number n. If this number n^' is equal to the original number n, then ...

A recursive process is one in which objects are defined in terms of other objects of the same type. Using some sort of recurrence relation, the entire class of objects can ...

A recursive sequence {f(n)}_n, also known as a recurrence sequence, is a sequence of numbers f(n) indexed by an integer n and generated by solving a recurrence equation. The ...

A set T of integers is said to be recursively enumerable if it constitutes the range of a recursive function, i.e., if there exists a recursive function that can eventually ...

A set A of integers is said to be one-one reducible to a set B (A<<_1B) if there is a one-one recursive function f such that for every x, x in A=>f(x) in B (1) and f(x) in ...

The operation of exchanging all points of a mathematical object with their mirror images (i.e., reflections in a mirror). Objects that do not change handedness under ...

A polyhedron is said to be regular if its faces and vertex figures are regular (not necessarily convex) polygons (Coxeter 1973, p. 16). Using this definition, there are a ...