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A prime p is said to be a Sophie Germain prime if both p and 2p+1 are prime. The first few Sophie Germain primes are 2, 3, 5, 11, 23, 29, 41, 53, 83, 89, 113, 131, ... (OEIS ...

The base-3 method of counting in which only the digits 0, 1, and 2 are used. Ternary numbers arise in a number of problems in mathematics, including some problems of ...

Given a point P, the point P^' which is the antipodal point of P is said to be the antipode of P. The term antipode is also used in plane geometry. Given a central conic (or ...

Every "large" even number may be written as 2n=p+m where p is a prime and m in P union P_2 is the set of primes P and semiprimes P_2.

A Poulet number is a Fermat pseudoprime to base 2, denoted psp(2), i.e., a composite number n such that 2^(n-1)=1 (mod n). The first few Poulet numbers are 341, 561, 645, ...

A technical conjecture which connects algebraic K-theory to étale cohomology. The conjecture was made more precise by Dwyer and Friedlander (1982). Thomason (1985) ...

A prime which does not divide the class number h(p) of the cyclotomic field obtained by adjoining a primitive pth root of unity to the field of rationals. A prime p is ...

A small circle is a spheric section that does not contain a diameter of the sphere (Kern and Bland 1948, p. 87; Tietze 1965, p. 25).

The series sum_(k=1)^infty1/k (1) is called the harmonic series. It can be shown to diverge using the integral test by comparison with the function 1/x. The divergence, ...

Goldbach's original conjecture (sometimes called the "ternary" Goldbach conjecture), written in a June 7, 1742 letter to Euler, states "at least it seems that every number ...