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The question of whether a solution to a given problem exists. The existence problem can be solved in the affirmative without actually finding a solution to the original ...

The sequence a(n) given by the exponents of the highest power of 2 dividing n, i.e., the number of trailing 0s in the binary representation of n. For n=1, 2, ..., the first ...

The constant e^pi that Gelfond's theorem established to be transcendental seems to lack a generally accepted name. As a result, in this work, it will be dubbed Gelfond's ...

The Montgomery-Odlyzko law (which is a law in the sense of empirical observation instead of through mathematical proof) states that the distribution of the spacing between ...

Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture, published in 1973, asserts that the two-point correlation function R_2(r) for the zeros of the Riemann zeta function zeta(z) on the ...

The tractrix arises in the following problem posed to Leibniz: What is the path of an object starting off with a vertical offset when it is dragged along by a string of ...

The number of degrees of freedom in a problem, distribution, etc., is the number of parameters which may be independently varied.

The problem of deciding if four colors are sufficient to color any map on a plane or sphere.

The problem of deciding if two knots in three-space are equivalent such that one can be continuously deformed into another.

A specific prescription for carrying out a task or solving a problem. Also called an algorithm, method, or technique