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For a given m, determine a complete list of fundamental binary quadratic form discriminants -d such that the class number is given by h(-d)=m. Heegner (1952) gave a solution ...

The canonical generator of the nonvanishing homology group on a topological manifold.

Given two topological spaces M and N, place an equivalence relationship on the continuous maps f:M->N using homotopies, and write f_1∼f_2 if f_1 is homotopic to f_2. Roughly ...

Characteristic classes are cohomology classes in the base space of a vector bundle, defined through obstruction theory, which are (perhaps partial) obstructions to the ...

Take K a number field and m a divisor of K. A congruence subgroup H is defined as a subgroup of the group of all fractional ideals relative prime to m (I_K^m) that contains ...

A prime factorization algorithm.

A metric space Z^^ in which the closure of a congruence class B(j,m) is the corresponding congruence class {x in Z^^|x=j (mod m)}.

The property of being the only possible solution (perhaps modulo a constant, class of transformation, etc.).

A shuffling algorithm used in a class of random number generators.

A set of points which do not lie on any of a certain class of hyperplanes.