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Fractran is an algorithm applied to a given list f_1, f_2, ..., f_k of fractions. Given a starting integer N, the FRACTRAN algorithm proceeds by repeatedly multiplying the ...

One of the beautiful arrangements of circles found at the Temple of Osiris at Abydos, Egypt (Rawles 1997). The pattern also appears in Phoenician art from the 9th century BC ...

The hemicube, which might also be called the square hemiprism, is a simple solid that serves as an example of one of the two topological classes of convex hexahedron having 7 ...

If a subgroup H of G has a group representation phi:H×W->W, then there is a unique induced representation of G on a vector space V. The original space W is contained in V, ...

The Kreisel conjecture is a conjecture in proof theory that postulates that, if phi(x) is a formula in the language of arithmetic for which there exists a nonnegative integer ...

Let L be a lattice (or a bounded lattice or a complemented lattice, etc.), and let C_L be the covering relation of L: C_L={(x,y) in L^2|x covers y or y covers x}. Then C_L is ...

A metric space is a set S with a global distance function (the metric g) that, for every two points x,y in S, gives the distance between them as a nonnegative real number ...

The multiplicad is a simple example of an idea like the ruliad. It consists of a rulial multiway system based on the positive integers in which the rules simply multiply by ...

In a set X equipped with a binary operation · called a product, the multiplicative identity is an element e such that e·x=x·e=x for all x in X. It can be, for example, the ...

A problem which is both NP (verifiable in nondeterministic polynomial time) and NP-hard (any NP-problem can be translated into this problem). Examples of NP-hard problems ...