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A unit of angular measure equal to 60 arc seconds, or 1/60 of a degree. The arc minute is denoted ^' (not to be confused with the symbol for feet).

A Bloch vector is a unit vector (cosphisintheta, sinphisintheta, costheta) used to represent points on a Bloch sphere.

The function Pi_(a,b)(x)=H(x-a)-H(x-b) which is equal to 1 for a<=x<=b and 0 otherwise. Here H(x) is the Heaviside step function. The special case Pi_(-1/2,1/2)(x) gives the ...

The linear fractional transformation z|->(i-z)/(i+z) that maps the upper half-plane {z:I[z]>0} conformally onto the unit disk {z:|z|<1}.

The statistical index P_G=[product((p_n)/(p_0))^(v_0)]^(1/Sigmav_0), where p_n is the price per unit in period n, q_n is the quantity produced in period n, and v_n=p_nq_n the ...

The integral closure of a commutative unit ring R in an extension ring S is the set of all elements of S which are integral over R. It is a subring of S containing R.

Given a commutative unit ring R and an extension ring S, an element s of S is called integral over R if it is one of the roots of a monic polynomial with coefficients in R.

The area of the dodecagon (n=12) inscribed in a unit circle with R=1 is A=1/2nR^2sin((2pi)/n)=3.

The statistical index P_L=(sump_nq_0)/(sump_0q_0), where p_n is the price per unit in period n and q_0 is the quantity produced in the initial period.

Let R(x) be the revenue for a production x, C(x) the cost, and P(x) the profit. Then P(x)=R(x)-C(x), and the marginal profit for the x_0th unit is defined by ...