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A topological sort is a permutation p of the vertices of a graph such that an edge {i,j} implies that i appears before j in p (Skiena 1990, p. 208). Only acyclic digraphs can ...

"Escher's solid" is the solid illustrated on the right pedestal in M. C. Escher's Waterfall woodcut (Bool et al. 1982, p. 323). It is obtained by augmenting a rhombic ...

In a graph G, contraction of an edge e with endpoints u,v is the replacement of u and v with a single vertex such that edges incident to the new vertex are the edges other ...

kappa(d)={(2lneta(d))/(sqrt(d)) for d>0; (2pi)/(w(d)sqrt(|d|)) for d<0, (1) where eta(d) is the fundamental unit and w(d) is the number of substitutions which leave the ...

A planar embedding, also called a "plane graph" (Harary 1994, p. 103; Harborth and Möller 1994), "planar drawing," or "plane drawing," of a planar graph is an embedding in ...

A maximal clique is a clique that cannot be extended by including one more adjacent vertex, meaning it is not a subset of a larger clique. A maximum clique (i.e., clique of ...

The graph corresponding to the complete k-ary tree on n nodes is implemented in the Wolfram Language as KaryTree[n, k].

The average disorder number of a simple connected graph on n vertices is defined as the average length of a walk along the edges of the graph taken over all ordering of its ...

A k-matching in a graph G is a set of k edges, no two of which have a vertex in common (i.e., an independent edge set of size k). Let Phi_k be the number of k-matchings in ...

Let gamma(G) denote the domination number of a simple graph G. Then Vizing (1963) conjectured that gamma(G)gamma(H)<=gamma(G×H), where G×H is the graph product. While the ...