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The term "square" can be used to mean either a square number ("x^2 is the square of x") or a geometric figure consisting of a convex quadrilateral with sides of equal length ...

As originally stated by Gould (1972), GCD{(n-1; k),(n; k-1),(n+1; k+1)} =GCD{(n-1; k-1),(n; k+1),(n+1; k)}, (1) where GCD is the greatest common divisor and (n; k) is a ...

Sudoku (literally, "single number"), sometimes also is a pencil-and-paper logic puzzle whose goal is to complete a grid satisfying various constraints. In the "classic" ...

A symmetric graph is a graph that is both edge- and vertex-transitive (Holton and Sheehan 1993, p. 209). However, care must be taken with this definition since arc-transitive ...

The symmetric group S_n of degree n is the group of all permutations on n symbols. S_n is therefore a permutation group of order n! and contains as subgroups every group of ...

A plane-filling arrangement of plane figures or its generalization to higher dimensions. Formally, a tiling is a collection of disjoint open sets, the closures of which cover ...

A complete oriented graph (Skiena 1990, p. 175), i.e., a graph in which every pair of nodes is connected by a single uniquely directed edge. The first and second 3-node ...

The truncated icosahedral graph is the cubic Archimedean graph on 60 nodes and 90 edges that is the skeleton of the truncated icosahedron. It is sometimes known as the ...

A regular graph that is not strongly regular is known as a weakly regular graph. There are no weakly regular simple graphs on fewer than six nodes, and the numbers on n=6, 7, ...

As defined in this work, a wheel graph W_n of order n, sometimes simply called an n-wheel (Harary 1994, p. 46; Pemmaraju and Skiena 2003, p. 248; Tutte 2005, p. 78), is a ...