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Call a number of the form n^2-k a "near-square number." Numbers of the form n^2-5 for n=1, 2, ... are -4, -1, 4, 11, 20, 31, 44, 59, 76, 95, ... (OEIS A028875). These are ...

If two quantities A and B are approximately equal, this is written A approx B.

A statistical distribution having two separated peaks.

Capable of taking on one out of two possible values.

Two algebraic objects that are commutative, i.e., A and B such that A*B=B*A for some operation *, are said to commute with each other.

The two-dimensional Euclidean space denoted R^2.

The ratio of two independent estimates of the variance of a normal distribution.

A metric characterizing the difference between two knots K and K^' in S^3.

Two lines in hyperbolic geometry which diverge from each other in both directions.

Two (or more) intersecting curves that are perpendicular at their intersection are said to be orthogonal.