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A monoid that is commutative i.e., a monoid M such that for every two elements a and b in M, ab=ba. This means that commutative monoids are commutative, associative, and have ...

The hemicube, which might also be called the square hemiprism, is a simple solid that serves as an example of one of the two topological classes of convex hexahedron having 7 ...

A relation between compact boundaryless manifolds (also called closed manifolds). Two closed manifolds are bordant iff their disjoint union is the boundary of a compact ...

The digraph union of two digraphs is the digraph whose vertex set (respectively, edge set) is the union of their vertex sets (respectively, edge sets). Given a positive ...

Two objects form a mirror pair if one can be translated and rotated in such a way that the two objects together possess mirror symmetry, i.e., one is the mirror image of the ...

The nesting of two or more functions to form a single new function is known as composition. The composition of two functions f and g is denoted f degreesg, where f is a ...

A number of the form p^a·A is said to be an antisquare if it fails to be a square number for the two reasons that a is odd and A is a nonsquare (modulo p). The first few ...

Informally, a situation in which a decision must be made from several alternatives, none of which is obviously the optimal one. In formal logic, a dilemma is a specific type ...

An algebraic structure whose elements consist of selected homeomorphisms between open subsets of a space, with the composition of two transformations defined on the largest ...

Teichmüller's theorem asserts the existence and uniqueness of the extremal quasiconformal map between two compact Riemann surfaces of the same genus modulo an equivalence ...