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The vertex connectivity kappa(G) of a graph G, also called "point connectivity" or simply "connectivity," is the minimum size of a vertex cut, i.e., a vertex subset S subset= ...

A sequence of numbers V={nu_n} is said to be weakly complete if every positive integer n beyond a certain point N is the sum of some subsequence of V (Honsberger 1985). ...

A weakly connected digraph is a directed graph in which it is possible to reach any node starting from any other node by traversing edges in some direction (i.e., not ...

There are at least two theorems known as Weierstrass's theorem. The first states that the only hypercomplex number systems with commutative multiplication and addition are ...

A lattice path from one point to another is p-good if it lies completely below the line y=(p-1)x. (1) Hilton and Pederson (1991) show that the number of p-good paths from (1, ...

The x-axis is the horizontal axis of a two-dimensional plot in Cartesian coordinates that is conventionally oriented to point to the right (left figure). In three dimensions, ...

Two or more lines are said to be concurrent if they intersect in a single point. Two lines concur if their trilinear coordinates satisfy |l_1 m_1 n_1; l_2 m_2 n_2; l_3 m_3 ...

Integrals over the unit square arising in geometric probability are int_0^1int_0^1sqrt(x^2+y^2)dxdy=1/3[sqrt(2)+sinh^(-1)(1)] int_0^1int_0^1sqrt((x-1/2)^2+(y-1/2)^2)dxdy ...

Let n be a positive nonsquare integer. Then Artin conjectured that the set S(n) of all primes for which n is a primitive root is infinite. Under the assumption of the ...

A prime p is said to be a Sophie Germain prime if both p and 2p+1 are prime. The first few Sophie Germain primes are 2, 3, 5, 11, 23, 29, 41, 53, 83, 89, 113, 131, ... (OEIS ...