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Let A be a finite-dimensional power-associative algebra, then A is the vector space direct sum A=A_(11)+A_(10)+A_(01)+A_(00), where A_(ij), with i,j=0,1 is the subspace of A ...

A set of residues {a_1,a_2,...,a_(k+1)} (mod n) such that every nonzero residue can be uniquely expressed in the form a_i-a_j. Examples include {1,2,4} (mod 7) and {1,2,5,7} ...

The highest power in a univariate polynomial is known as its degree, or sometimes "order." For example, the polynomial P(x)=a_nx^n+...+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0 is of degree n, denoted ...

A quantity displayed above the normal line of text (and generally in a smaller point size), as the "i" in x^i, is called a superscript. Superscripts are commonly used to ...

A Taylor series is a series expansion of a function about a point. A one-dimensional Taylor series is an expansion of a real function f(x) about a point x=a is given by (1) ...

The sequence of numbers {j_n} giving the number of digits in the three-fold power tower n^(n^n). The values of n^(n^n) for n=1, 2, ... are 1, 16, 7625597484987, ... (OEIS ...

An unknown is an independent variable of a function. A function with n independent variables is said to be a function "in," "with," or "of" n unknowns.

A branch cut is a curve (with ends possibly open, closed, or half-open) in the complex plane across which an analytic multivalued function is discontinuous. For convenience, ...

where _2F_1(a,b;c;z) is a hypergeometric function and _3F_2(a,b,c;d,e;z) is a generalized hypergeometric function.

The cubefree part is that part of a positive integer left after all cubic factors are divided out. For example, the cubefree part of 24=2^3·3 is 3. For n=1, 2, ..., the first ...