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The equivalence of manifolds under continuous deformation within the embedding space. Knots of opposite chirality have ambient isotopy, but not regular isotopy.

A right trapezoid is a trapezoid having two right angles. As illustrated above, the area of a right trapezoid is A = ah_2-1/2(h_2-h_1)a (1) = 1/2a(h_1+h_2). (2) A right ...

A family composed of countably many locally finite families.

A relationship between knot polynomials for links in different orientations (denoted below as L_+, L_0, and L_-). J. H. Conway was the first to realize that the Alexander ...

If {a_0,a_1,...} is a recursive sequence, then the set of all k such that a_k=0 is the union of a finite (possibly empty) set and a finite number (possibly zero) of full ...

Let H be a Hilbert space, B(H) the set of bounded linear operators from H to itself, T an operator on H, and sigma(T) the operator spectrum of T. Then if T in B(H) and T is ...

The Stiefel manifold of orthonormal k-frames in R^n is the collection of vectors (v_1, ..., v_k) where v_i is in R^n for all i, and the k-tuple (v_1, ..., v_k) is ...

The group of all nonsingular n×n stochastic matrices over a field F. It is denoted S(n,F). If p is prime and F is the finite field of order q=p^m, S(n,q) is written instead ...

A lower triangular matrix having 0s along the diagonal as well as the upper portion, i.e., a matrix A=[a_(ij)] such that a_(ij)=0 for i<=j. Written explicitly, L=[0 0 ... 0; ...

The structure constant is defined as iepsilon_(ijk), where epsilon_(ijk) is the permutation symbol. The structure constant forms the starting point for the development of Lie ...