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A major arc (right figure) is an arc of a circle having measure greater than or equal to 180 degrees (pi radians).

A minor arc (left figure) is an arc of a circle having measure less than or equal to 180 degrees (pi radians).

The perpendicular distance h from an arc's midpoint to the chord across it, equal to the radius R minus the apothem r, h=R-r. (1) For a regular polygon of side length a, h = ...

The areas of the regions illustrated above can be found from the equations A+4B+4C=1 (1) A+3B+2C=1/4pi. (2) Since we want to solve for three variables, we need a third ...

The triquetra is a geometric figure consisting of three mutually intersecting vesica piscis lens shapes, as illustrated above. The central region common to all three lenses ...

Given an acute angle in a right triangle, the adjacent side is the leg of the triangle from which the angle to the hypotenuse is measured. Lengths of adjacent and opposite ...

An even Mathieu function ce_r(z,q) with characteristic value a_r.

An odd Mathieu function se_r(z,q) with characteristic value a_r.

The Machin-like formula 1/4pi=12cot^(-1)18+8cot^(-1)57-5cot^(-1)239.

A number t_x=tan^(-1)(1/x)=cot^(-1)x, where x is an integer or rational number, tan^(-1)x is the inverse tangent, and cot^(-1)x is the inverse cotangent. Gregory numbers ...