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For a quadrilateral which is not cyclic, Ptolemy's theorem becomes an inequality: AB×CD+BC×DA>AC×BD. The Ptolemy inequality is still valid when ABCD is a triangular pyramid ...

A procedure for decomposing an N×N matrix A into a product of a lower triangular matrix L and an upper triangular matrix U, LU=A. (1) LU decomposition is implemented in the ...

Three types of n×n matrices can be obtained by writing Pascal's triangle as a lower triangular matrix and truncating appropriately: a symmetric matrix S_n with (S)_(ij)=(i+j; ...

Given a symmetric positive definite matrix A, the Cholesky decomposition is an upper triangular matrix U with strictly positive diagonal entries such that A=U^(T)U. Cholesky ...

A Lie group is called semisimple if its Lie algebra is semisimple. For example, the special linear group SL(n) and special orthogonal group SO(n) (over R or C) are ...

The regular octahedron, often simply called "the" octahedron, is the Platonic solid with six polyhedron vertices, 12 polyhedron edges, and eight equivalent equilateral ...

Polysticks, sometimes also known as polyedges, are polyforms obtained from the edges of a regular grid. Square polysticks are polyforms obtained from the edges of a regular ...

The term "bundle" is an abbreviated form of the full term fiber bundle. Depending on context, it may mean one of the special cases of fiber bundles, such as a vector bundle ...

The word canonical is used to indicate a particular choice from of a number of possible conventions. This convention allows a mathematical object or class of objects to be ...

A constant function is function f(x)=c whose value does not change as its parameters vary. The function graph of a one-dimensional constant function is a straight line. The ...