Search Results for ""

An apex graph is a graph possessing at least one vertex whose removal results in a planar graph. The set of vertices whose removal results in a planar graph is known as the ...

A puzzle involving disentangling a set of rings from a looped double rod, originally used by French peasants to lock chests (Steinhaus 1999). The word "baguenaudier" means ...

Gaussian curvature, sometimes also called total curvature (Kreyszig 1991, p. 131), is an intrinsic property of a space independent of the coordinate system used to describe ...

The Klein bottle crossing number of a graph G is the minimum number of crossings possible when embedding G on a Klein bottle (cf. Garnder 1986, pp. 137-138). While the ...

A prime constellation of four successive primes with minimal distance (p,p+2,p+6,p+8). The term was coined by Paul Stäckel (1892-1919; Tietze 1965, p. 19). The quadruplet (2, ...

A graph with projective plane crossing number equal to 0 may be said to be projective planar. Examples of projective planar graphs with graph crossing number >=2 include the ...

The word "surface" is an important term in mathematics and is used in many ways. The most common and straightforward use of the word is to denote a two-dimensional ...

The portion of number theory concerned with expressing an integer as a sum of integers from some given set.

Let t be a nonnegative integer and let x_1, ..., x_t be nonzero elements of Z_p which are not necessarily distinct. Then the number of elements of Z_p that can be written as ...

A multiplicative factor (usually indexed) such as one of the constants a_i in the polynomial a_nx^n+a_(n-1)x^(n-1)+...+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0. In this polynomial, the monomials are ...