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The primes with Legendre symbol (n/p)=1 (less than N=pi(d) for trial divisor d) which need be considered when using the quadratic sieve factorization method.

The domino is the unique free (and one-sided) 2-polyomino consisting of two equal squares connected along a complete polygon edge. There are two fixed dominoes.

Differential evolution is a stochastic parallel direct search evolution strategy optimization method that is fairly fast and reasonably robust. Differential evolution is ...

Discrete group theory is a broad subject covering certain aspects of groups. Such topics as free groups, group presentations, fundamental groups, Kleinian groups, and ...

The closed plane curve that crosses itself once and consists of one lobe on each side of the intersection. It can be viewed as a circle with a half twist. The fundamental ...

An initial point that provides safe convergence of Newton's method (Smale 1981; Petković et al. 1997, p. 1).

A generalization of the Runge-Kutta method for solution of ordinary differential equations, also called Rosenbrock methods.

A generalization of the Runge-Kutta method for solution of ordinary differential equations, also called Kaps-Rentrop methods.

Newton's method for finding roots of a complex polynomial f entails iterating the function z-[f(z)/f^'(z)], which can be viewed as applying the Euler backward method with ...

A sentential formula that contains at least one free variable (Carnap 1958, p. 24). A sentential variable containing no free variables (i.e., all variables are bound) is ...