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A transition function describes the difference in the way an object is described in two separate, overlapping coordinate charts, where the description of the same set may ...

A n×n matrix A is an orthogonal matrix if AA^(T)=I, (1) where A^(T) is the transpose of A and I is the identity matrix. In particular, an orthogonal matrix is always ...

A subset {v_1,...,v_k} of a vector space V, with the inner product <,>, is called orthogonal if <v_i,v_j>=0 when i!=j. That is, the vectors are mutually perpendicular. Note ...

Calabi-Yau spaces are important in string theory, where one model posits the geometry of the universe to consist of a ten-dimensional space of the form M×V, where M is a four ...

A transformation that preserves angles and changes all distances in the same ratio, called the ratio of magnification. A similarity can also be defined as a transformation ...

A square matrix U is a unitary matrix if U^(H)=U^(-1), (1) where U^(H) denotes the conjugate transpose and U^(-1) is the matrix inverse. For example, A=[2^(-1/2) 2^(-1/2) 0; ...

The boustrophedon ("ox-plowing") transform b of a sequence a is given by b_n = sum_(k=0)^(n)(n; k)a_kE_(n-k) (1) a_n = sum_(k=0)^(n)(-1)^(n-k)(n; k)b_kE_(n-k) (2) for n>=0, ...

A moment mu_n of a univariate probability density function P(x) taken about the mean mu=mu_1^', mu_n = <(x-<x>)^n> (1) = int(x-mu)^nP(x)dx, (2) where <X> denotes the ...

Pairs of partitions for a single number whose Ferrers diagrams transform into each other when reflected about the line y=-x, with the coordinates of the upper left dot taken ...

A constant function is function f(x)=c whose value does not change as its parameters vary. The function graph of a one-dimensional constant function is a straight line. The ...