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Two or more functions, equations, or vectors f_1, f_2, ..., which are not linearly dependent, i.e., cannot be expressed in the form a_1f_1+a_2f_2+...+a_nf_n=0 with a_1, a_2, ...

P_n(cosalpha)=(sqrt(2))/piint_0^alpha(cos[(n+1/2)phi])/(sqrt(cosphi-cosalpha))dphi, where P_n(x) is a Legendre polynomial.

The hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials defined by P_n^((lambda))(x;phi)=((2lambda)_n)/(n!)e^(inphi)_2F_1(-n,lambda+ix;2lambda;1-e^(-2iphi)), (1) where (x)_n is the ...

Pathological functions that are continuous but differentiable only on a set of points of measure zero are sometimes known as monsters of real analysis. Examples include the ...

A continuous homomorphism of a group into the nonzero complex numbers. A multiplicative character omega gives a group representation on the one-dimensional space C of complex ...

An odd power is a number of the form m^n for m>0 an integer and n a positive odd integer. The first few odd powers are 1, 8, 27, 32, 64, 125, 128, 216, 243, 343, 512, ... ...

A topological space X has a one-point compactification if and only if it is locally compact. To see a part of this, assume Y is compact, y in Y, X=Y\{y} and x in X. Let C be ...

Given an acute angle in a right triangle, the opposite side is the leg of the triangle which is not incident on the angle. Lengths of opposite and adjacent sides appear ...

The Pell-Lucas polynomials Q(x) are the w-polynomials generated by the Lucas polynomial sequence using the generator p(x)=2x, q(x)=1. The first few are Q_1(x) = 2x (1) Q_2(x) ...

Since (2a)/(a+b)=(2ab)/((a+b)b), (1) it follows that a/((a+b)/2)=((2ab)/(a+b))/b, (2) so a/A=H/b, (3) where A and H are the arithmetic mean and harmonic mean of a and b. This ...