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The Perko pair is the pair of knots 10_(161) and 10_(162) illustrated above. For many years, they were listed as separate knots in Little (1885) and all similar tables, ...

Given n metric spaces X_1,X_2,...,X_n, with metrics g_1,g_2,...,g_n respectively, the product metric g_1×g_2×...×g_n is a metric on the Cartesian product X_1×X_2×...×X_n ...

A projective space is a space that is invariant under the group G of all general linear homogeneous transformation in the space concerned, but not under all the ...

Suppose that V={(x_1,x_2,x_3)} and W={(x_1,0,0)}. Then the quotient space V/W (read as "V mod W") is isomorphic to {(x_2,x_3)}=R^2. In general, when W is a subspace of a ...

A crossing in a knot diagram for which there exists a circle in the projection plane meeting the diagram transversely at that crossing, but not meeting the diagram at any ...

In the 1930s, Reidemeister first rigorously proved that knots exist which are distinct from the unknot. He did this by showing that all knot deformations can be reduced to a ...

The Riemann sphere, also called the extended complex plane, is a one-dimensional complex manifold C^* (C-star) which is the one-point compactification of the complex numbers ...

The spectrum of a ring is the set of proper prime ideals, Spec(R)={p:p is a prime ideal in R}. (1) The classical example is the spectrum of polynomial rings. For instance, ...

The vector space generated by the rows of a matrix viewed as vectors. The row space of a n×m matrix A with real entries is a subspace generated by n elements of R^m, hence ...

Given a Seifert form f(x,y), choose a basis e_1, ..., e_(2g) for H_1(M^^) as a Z-module so every element is uniquely expressible as n_1e_1+...+n_(2g)e_(2g) (1) with n_i ...