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For a subgroup H of a group G, the index of H, denoted (G:H), is the cardinal number of the set of left cosets of H in G (which is equal to the cardinal number of the set of ...

Let sigma_0(n) and sigma_1(n) denote the number and sum of the divisors of n, respectively (i.e., the zeroth- and first-order divisor functions). A number n is called sublime ...

A submonoid is a subset of the elements of a monoid that are themselves a monoid under the same monoid operation. For example, consider the monoid formed by the nonnegative ...

A subring of a ring R is a subgroup of R that is closed under multiplication.

A quantity displayed below the normal line of text (and generally in a smaller point size), as the "i" in a_i, is called a subscript. Subscripts are commonly used to indicate ...

Giving a set F={f_1,f_2,...,f_n} of contracting similitudes of R^l, the closed set E is said to be subselfsimilar for F if E subset union _(i=1)^nf_i(E) (Falconer 1995, ...

A subsequence of {a} is a sequence {b} defined by b_k=a_(n_k), where n_1<n_2<... is an increasing sequence of indices (D'Angelo and West 2000). For example, the prime numbers ...

In the triangle DeltaABC illustrated above, side c subtends angle ∠C. More generally, given a geometric object O in the plane and a point P, let A be the angle from one edge ...

Subtraction is the operation of taking the difference d=x-y of two numbers x and y. Here, x is called the minuend, y is called the subtrahend, and the symbol between the x ...

A tree G^' whose graph vertices and graph edges form subsets of the graph vertices and graph edges of a given tree G.