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Given any two distinct points x,y, there exist neighborhoods u and v of x and y, respectively, with u intersection v=emptyset. It then follows that finite subsets are closed.

The closure of a set A is the smallest closed set containing A. Closed sets are closed under arbitrary intersection, so it is also the intersection of all closed sets ...

A function f is topologically transitive if, given any two intervals U and V, there is some positive integer k such that f^k(U) intersection V!=emptyset. Vaguely, this means ...

The space E of a fiber bundle given by the map f:E->B, where B is the base space of the fiber bundle.

A totally disconnected space is a space in which all subsets with more than one element are disconnected. In particular, if it has more than one element, it is a disconnected ...

The trivial loop is the loop that takes every point to its basepoint. Formally, if X is a topological space and x in X, the trivial loop based at x is the map L:[0,1]->X ...

An ultrametric is a metric which satisfies the following strengthened version of the triangle inequality, d(x,z)<=max(d(x,y),d(y,z)) for all x,y,z. At least two of d(x,y), ...

To each epsilon>0, there corresponds a delta such that ||f-g||<epsilon whenever ||f||=||g||=1 and ||(f+g)/2||>1-delta. This is a geometric property of the unit sphere of ...

In one dimension, the interval [0,1] is the closed unit interval, the interval (0,1) is the open unit interval, and the intervals (0,1] and [0,1) are half-open unit intervals.

An open three-manifold which is simply connected but is topologically distinct from Euclidean three-space.