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A number with a continued fraction whose terms are the values of one or more polynomials evaluated on consecutive integers and then interleaved. This property is preserved by ...

The Machin-like formula 1/4pi=2cot^(-1)(3)+cot^(-1)(7). The other two-term Machin-like formulas are Euler's Machin-like formula, Hermann's formula, and Machin's formula.

A hyperelliptic curve is an algebraic curve given by an equation of the form y^2=f(x), where f(x) is a polynomial of degree n>4 with n distinct roots. If f(x) is a cubic or ...

A two-player game in which player 1 chooses any finite game and player 2 moves first. A pseudoparadox then arises as to whether the hypergame is itself a finite game.

A measure algebra which has many properties associated with the convolution measure algebra of a group, but no algebraic structure is assumed for the underlying space.

The identity element I (also denoted E, e, or 1) of a group or related mathematical structure S is the unique element such that Ia=aI=a for every element a in S. The symbol ...

The operator I^~ which takes a real number to the same real number I^~r=r.

A game in which the possible moves are the same for each player in any position. All positions in all impartial games form an additive Abelian group. For impartial games in ...

A fraction p/q>=1. A fraction with p/q<1 is called a proper fraction. Therefore, the special cases 1/1, 2/2, 3/3, etc. are generally considered to be improper.

The subset consisting of all elements of a given set is called an improper subset (Kamke 1950, p. 6).