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An operator E such that E^ap(x)=p(x+a).

Let f(1)=1, and let f(n) be the number of occurrences of n in a nondecreasing sequence of integers. then the first few values of f(n) are 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, ... ...

A local source is a node of a directed graph with no entering edges (Borowski and Borwein 1991, p. 401; left figure), and a global source (often simply called a source) is a ...

A graphical partitioning based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix of a graph.

A polynomial which is not necessarily an invariant of a link. It is related to the dichroic polynomial. It is defined by the skein relationship ...

A straight line embedding, or "straight line drawing," of a graph is a graph embedding in which all edges are drawn as straight line segments (as opposed to curves, etc.).

An infinite sequence {a_i} of positive integers is called strongly independent if any relation sumepsilon_ia_i, with epsilon_i=0, +/-1, or +/-2 and epsilon_i=0 except ...

A subgroup is a subset H of group elements of a group G that satisfies the four group requirements. It must therefore contain the identity element. "H is a subgroup of G" is ...

Let h>=2 and let A_1, A_2, ..., A_h be sets of integers. The sumset A_1+A_2+...+A_h is the set of all integers of the form a_1+a_2+...+a_h, where a_i is a member of A_i for ...

A totative is a positive integer less than or equal to a number n which is also relatively prime to n, where 1 is counted as being relatively prime to all numbers. The number ...