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Numerical integration is the approximate computation of an integral using numerical techniques. The numerical computation of an integral is sometimes called quadrature. ...

A partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation involving functions and their partial derivatives; for example, the wave equation ...

A permutation cycle is a subset of a permutation whose elements trade places with one another. Permutations cycles are called "orbits" by Comtet (1974, p. 256). For example, ...

A prime factor is a factor that is prime, i.e., one that cannot itself be factored. In general, a prime factorization takes the form ...

A quartic equation is a fourth-order polynomial equation of the form z^4+a_3z^3+a_2z^2+a_1z+a_0=0. (1) While some authors (Beyer 1987b, p. 34) use the term "biquadratic ...

The Reuleaux tetrahedron, sometimes also called the spherical tetrahedron, is the three-dimensional solid common to four spheres of equal radius placed so that the center of ...

Separation of variables is a method of solving ordinary and partial differential equations. For an ordinary differential equation (dy)/(dx)=g(x)f(y), (1) where f(y)is nonzero ...

A set is a finite or infinite collection of objects in which order has no significance, and multiplicity is generally also ignored (unlike a list or multiset). Members of a ...

The (small) rhombicuboctahedron (Cundy and Rowlett 1989, p. 105), sometimes simply called the rhombicuboctahedron (Wenninger 1989, p. 27; Maeder 1997, Conway et al. 1999), is ...

Let a spherical triangle be drawn on the surface of a sphere of radius R, centered at a point O=(0,0,0), with vertices A, B, and C. The vectors from the center of the sphere ...