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If there is no integer 0<x<p such that x^2=q (mod p), i.e., if the congruence (35) has no solution, then q is said to be a quadratic nonresidue (mod p). If the congruence ...

Let sigma(m) be the divisor function of m. Then two numbers m and n are a quasiamicable pair if sigma(m)=sigma(n)=m+n+1. The first few are (48, 75), (140, 195), (1050, 1925), ...

A RAT-free ("right angle triangle-free") set is a set of points, no three of which determine a right triangle. Let f(n) be the largest integer such that a RAT-free subset of ...

When a measure lambda is absolutely continuous with respect to a positive measure mu, then it can be written as lambda(E)=int_Efdmu. By analogy with the first fundamental ...

A random closed set (RACS) in R^d is a measurable function from a probability space (Omega,A,P) into (F,Sigma) where F is the collection of all closed subsets of R^d and ...

The rank polynomial R(x,y) of a general graph G is the function defined by R(x,y)=sum_(S subset= E(G))x^(r(S))y^(s(S)), (1) where the sum is taken over all subgraphs (i.e., ...

Pick two real numbers x and y at random in (0,1) with a uniform distribution. What is the probability P_(even) that [x/y], where [r] denotes the nearest integer function, is ...

A triangle center is regular iff there is a triangle center function which is a polynomial in Delta, a, b, and c (where Delta is the area of the triangle) such that the ...

Reversion to the mean, also called regression to the mean, is the statistical phenomenon stating that the greater the deviation of a random variate from its mean, the greater ...

Let z_0 be a point in a simply connected region R!=C, where C is the complex plane. Then there is a unique analytic function w=f(z) mapping R one-to-one onto the disk |w|<1 ...