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A continuous distribution in which the logarithm of a variable has a normal distribution. It is a general case of Gibrat's distribution, to which the log normal distribution ...

A monomial is a product of positive integer powers of a fixed set of variables (possibly) together with a coefficient, e.g., x, 3xy^2, or -2x^2y^3z. A monomial can also be ...

A round number is a number that is the product of a considerable number of comparatively small factors (Hardy 1999, p. 48). Round numbers are very rare. As Hardy (1999, p. ...

A functor F is called covariant if it preserves the directions of arrows, i.e., every arrow f:A-->B is mapped to an arrow F(f):F(A)-->F(B).

A function between categories which maps objects to objects and morphisms to morphisms. Functors exist in both covariant and contravariant types.

A scalar is a one-component quantity that is invariant under rotations of the coordinate system.

A two-dimensional grid graph, also known as a rectangular grid graph or two-dimensional lattice graph (e.g., Acharya and Gill 1981), is an m×n lattice graph that is the graph ...

Kontsevich's integral is a far-reaching generalization of the Gauss integral for the linking number, and provides a tool to construct the universal Vassiliev invariant of a ...

The curl of a vector field, denoted curl(F) or del xF (the notation used in this work), is defined as the vector field having magnitude equal to the maximum "circulation" at ...

The finite group C_2×C_2 is one of the two distinct groups of group order 4. The name of this group derives from the fact that it is a group direct product of two C_2 ...