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A double sum is a series having terms depending on two indices, sum_(i,j)b_(ij). (1) A finite double series can be written as a product of series ...

The n-ladder graph can be defined as L_n=P_2 square P_n, where P_n is a path graph (Hosoya and Harary 1993; Noy and Ribó 2004, Fig. 1). It is therefore equivalent to the 2×n ...

The lemniscate, also called the lemniscate of Bernoulli, is a polar curve defined as the locus of points such that the the product of distances from two fixed points (-a,0) ...

The term "square" can be used to mean either a square number ("x^2 is the square of x") or a geometric figure consisting of a convex quadrilateral with sides of equal length ...

Let P be the set of primes, and let Q_p and Z_p(t) be the fields of p-adic numbers and formal power series over Z_p=(0,1,...,p-1). Further, suppose that D is a "nonprincipal ...

The ratio X/Y of independent normally distributed variates with zero mean is distributed with a Cauchy distribution. This can be seen as follows. Let X and Y both have mean 0 ...

A short exact sequence of groups A, B, and C is given by two maps alpha:A->B and beta:B->C and is written 0->A->B->C->0. (1) Because it is an exact sequence, alpha is ...

A connection on a vector bundle pi:E->M is a way to "differentiate" bundle sections, in a way that is analogous to the exterior derivative df of a function f. In particular, ...

product_(k=1)^(infty)(1-x^k) = sum_(k=-infty)^(infty)(-1)^kx^(k(3k+1)/2) (1) = 1+sum_(k=1)^(infty)(-1)^k[x^(k(3k-1)/2)+x^(k(3k+1)/2)] (2) = (x)_infty (3) = ...

Bouwer graphs, a term coined here for the first time, are a family of regular graphs which includes members that are symmetric but not arc-transitive. Such graphs are termed ...