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A real-valued function g defined on a convex subset C subset R^n is said to be quasi-convex if for all real alpha in R, the set {x in C:g(x)<alpha} is convex. This is ...

A random polygon is a polygon generated in some random way. Kendall conjectured that the shape of a random polygon is close to a disk as the area of the polygon becomes large ...

In a plane, consider a sum of N two-dimensional vectors with random orientations. Use phasor notation, and let the phase of each vector be random. Assume N unit steps are ...

Pick two real numbers x and y at random in (0,1) with a uniform distribution. What is the probability P_(even) that [x/y], where [r] denotes the nearest integer function, is ...

The Robbins constant is the mean line segment length, i.e., the expected distance between two points chosen at random in cube line picking, namely Delta(3) = (1) = (2) = ...

Rodrigues' rotation formula gives an efficient method for computing the rotation matrix R in SO(3) corresponding to a rotation by an angle theta about a fixed axis specified ...

A scatter diagram, also called a scatterplot or a scatter plot, is a visualization of the relationship between two variables measured on the same set of individuals. Scatter ...

A set S and a binary operator * are said to exhibit closure if applying the binary operator to two elements S returns a value which is itself a member of S. The closure of a ...

Given a triangle DeltaABC with inner and outer Soddy centers S and S^', respectively, the inner Soddy triangle DeltaPQR (respectively, outer Soddy triangle DeltaP^'Q^'R^') is ...

A species of structures is a rule F which 1. Produces, for each finite set U, a finite set F[U], 2. Produces, for each bijection sigma:U->V, a function F[sigma]:F[U]->F[V]. ...