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The gear curve is a curve resembling a gear with n teeth given by the parametric equations x = rcost (1) y = rsint, (2) where r=a+1/btanh[bsin(nt)], (3) where tanhx is the ...

Suppose for every point x in a manifold M, an inner product <·,·>_x is defined on a tangent space T_xM of M at x. Then the collection of all these inner products is called ...

A map T:(M_1,omega_1)->(M_2,omega_2) between the symplectic manifolds (M_1,omega_1) and (M_2,omega_2) which is a diffeomorphism and T^*(omega_2)=omega_1, where T^* is the ...

A double point at which two (or more) osculating curves are tangent. The above plot shows the tacnode of the curve 2x^4-3x^2y+y^2-2y^3+y^4=0. The capricornoid and links curve ...

v=(dr)/(dt), (1) where r is the radius vector and d/dt is the derivative with respect to time. Expressed in terms of the arc length, v=(ds)/(dt)T^^, (2) where T^^ is the unit ...

The conjecture that Frey's elliptic curve was not modular. The conjecture was quickly proved by Ribet (Ribet's theorem) in 1986, and was an important step in the proof of ...

Let M be a regular surface with v_(p),w_(p) points in the tangent space M_(p) of M. Then the first fundamental form is the inner product of tangent vectors, ...

A univariate function f(x) is said to be odd provided that f(-x)=-f(x). Geometrically, such functions are symmetric about the origin. Examples of odd functions include x, ...

Let a circle C_1 lie inside another circle C_2. From any point on C_2, draw a tangent to C_1 and extend it to C_2. From the point, draw another tangent, etc. For n tangents, ...

Given three mutually tangent circles, there exist exactly two nonintersecting circles which are tangent circles to all three original circles. These are called the inner and ...