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Sangaku problems, often written "san gaku," are geometric problems of the type found on devotional mathematical wooden tablets ("sangaku") which were hung under the roofs of ...

The Fritsch graph is the 9-node planar graph illustrated above that tangles the Kempe chains in Kempe's algorithm and thus provides an example of how Kempe's supposed proof ...

There are several related series that are known as the binomial series. The most general is (x+a)^nu=sum_(k=0)^infty(nu; k)x^ka^(nu-k), (1) where (nu; k) is a binomial ...

A Chen prime is a prime number p for which p+2 is either a prime or semiprime. Chen primes are named after Jing Run Chen who proved in 1966 that there are infinitely many ...

A circumhyperbola is a circumconic that is a hyperbola. A rectangular circumhyperbola always passes through the orthocenter H and has center on the nine-point circle ...

A series is said to be conditionally convergent iff it is convergent, the series of its positive terms diverges to positive infinity, and the series of its negative terms ...

There are a number of formulas variously known as Hurwitz's formula. The first is zeta(1-s,a)=(Gamma(s))/((2pi)^s)[e^(-piis/2)F(a,s)+e^(piis/2)F(-a,s)], where zeta(z,a) is a ...

The Mordell conjecture states that Diophantine equations that give rise to surfaces with two or more holes have only finite many solutions in Gaussian integers with no common ...

The weak law of large numbers (cf. the strong law of large numbers) is a result in probability theory also known as Bernoulli's theorem. Let X_1, ..., X_n be a sequence of ...

The Pratt certificate is a primality certificate based on Fermat's little theorem converse. Prior to the work of Pratt (1975), the Lucas-Lehmer test had been regarded purely ...