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A nonuniform rational B-spline curve defined by C(t)=(sum_(i=0)^(n)N_(i,p)(t)w_iP_i)/(sum_(i=0)^(n)N_(i,p)(t)w_i), where p is the order, N_(i,p) are the B-spline basis ...

A nonuniform rational B-spline surface of degree (p,q) is defined by ...

The oriented matroid of a finite configuration of points extracts relative position and orientation information from the configuration. An oriented matroid can be described ...

A pair of functions phi_i(x) and phi_j(x) are orthonormal if they are orthogonal and each normalized so that int_a^b[phi_i(x)]^2w(x)dx = 1 (1) int_a^b[phi_j(x)]^2w(x)dx = 1. ...

1. Zero is a number. 2. If a is a number, the successor of a is a number. 3. zero is not the successor of a number. 4. Two numbers of which the successors are equal are ...

The pentagonal gyrocupolarotunda is a convex equilateral solid that is Johnson solid J_(33). The unit pentagonal gyrocupolarotunda has volume V=5/(12)(11+5sqrt(5)) (1) and ...

The use of percentages is a way of expressing ratios in terms of whole numbers. A ratio or fraction is converted to a percentage by multiplying by 100 and appending a ...

The present value v_n of a single payment made at n periods in the future is v_n=p/((1+r)^n), (1) where n is the number of periods until payment, p is the payment amount, and ...

A real vector space is a vector space whose field of scalars is the field of reals. A linear transformation between real vector spaces is given by a matrix with real entries ...

A stack is a data structure which is a special kind of list in which elements may be added to or removed from the top only. These actions are called a push or a pop, ...