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Let the sum of the squares of the digits of a positive integer s_0 be represented by s_1. In a similar way, let the sum of the squares of the digits of s_1 be represented by ...

The smallest nontrivial taxicab number, i.e., the smallest number representable in two ways as a sum of two cubes. It is given by 1729=1^3+12^3=9^3+10^3. The number derives ...

The recursive sequence generated by the recurrence equation Q(n)=Q(n-Q(n-1))+Q(n-Q(n-2)), with Q(1)=Q(2)=1. The first few values are 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, ... (OEIS ...

A method for finding roots of a polynomial equation f(x)=0. Now find an equation whose roots are the roots of this equation diminished by r, so (1) The expressions for f(r), ...

A lossless data compression algorithm which uses a small number of bits to encode common characters. Huffman coding approximates the probability for each character as a power ...

Infinity, most often denoted as infty, is an unbounded quantity that is greater than every real number. The symbol infty had been used as an alternative to M (1000) in Roman ...

In combinatorial logic minimization, a device known as a Karnaugh map is frequently used. It is similar to a truth table, but the various variables are represented along two ...

A theorem outlined by Kolmogorov (1954) which was subsequently proved in the 1960s by Arnol'd (1963) and Moser (1962; Tabor 1989, p. 105). It gives conditions under which ...

Kurtosis is defined as a normalized form of the fourth central moment mu_4 of a distribution. There are several flavors of kurtosis, the most commonly encountered variety of ...

The "kurtosis excess" (Kenney and Keeping 1951, p. 27) is defined in terms of the usual kurtosis by gamma_2 = beta_2-3 (1) = (mu_4)/(mu_2^2)-3. (2) It is commonly denoted ...